Unix Tip: OPERATING ON MULTIPLE FILES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3613 - December 31, 2015

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OPERATING ON MULTIPLE FILES

Have you ever felt the need to perform a
set of operations on multiple files
simultaneously???

Here is a solution for that.

For instance, if it is required to perform
multiple operations like searching a string
(using grep), and executing an awk or perl
script etc, etc. on not just one file but a
set of files, use the following commands at
the unix prompt:

$<: foreach i (<file_list>)
? echo $i
? grep <search_pattern> $i > tmp
? awk -f awk_script tmp >> report
? ....
? ....
? end
$<:

The files list in the brackets can be either

* Specifically mentioned

* A unix variable which contains a list of
file names. For instance, the variable
"p" can be assigned all the files starting
with string "data" as follows:
set p = (data*)
Other examples are:
set g = `grep -l "Startpoint" * `
or
set all = *
(This assigns all file names in the current
directory to the variable "all" )

And its usage with the "foreach" command will
be as follows:

$<: foreach i ($all)
.....
.....
end

This tip generously supported by: lakshmi@virtualipgroup.com



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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

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==========================================================================

Unix Tip: CHMOD THE SYSTEM

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3612 - December 30, 2015

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CHMOD THE SYSTEM

Along the lines of:

D O N O T D O T H I S!

Reports from several admins have
been made that dangerous users
who obtain root for the first
time enable full access to the
entire system. They are using
the following command:

# chmod -R 777 /

If you feel you have any
dangerous users, please advice
them of the dangers of executing
such a command.




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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: EXECUTE SCRIPT FROM NETSCAPE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3611 - December 29, 2015

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EXECUTE SCRIPT FROM NETSCAPE

Do you want to execute a shell
script from your netscape
navigator ?

Go to EDIT>PREFERENCE>Applications
Edit or create an application
Choose the suffix (sh, csh)

Put "sh <%s" or "csh<%s" as application handler.

You can use the xtrem -e option
to get a intercacitive window shell into
your navigator.




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: TASK ALERTS

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3610 - December 28, 2015

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TASK ALERTS

Have you ever started a long
running task, and after some time
decide you want to be alerted
when it finishes?

Add this to your .bashrc:

function aldo { while ps -ao pid | grep -q " ${1}$"; do sleep 1 ; done;
echo $'\a'; }

Then find the pid of a long
running process(say 253) and
on a different terminal:

501$ aldo 253

Will treat you to a pleasant beep when the task finishes.




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: NO WRITES TO PASSWORD FILE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3609 - December 27, 2015

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NO WRITES TO PASSWORD FILE

The normal mistake in a fit of quick
panic often by users is to be looking
at the /etc/passwd file and see that
there is "READ" access to the world
or "644" on the file.

Time and time again when they first
discover having root access they
change the permissions to:

chmod 000 /etc/passwd

D O N O T D O T H I S ! ! !

chmod 644 /etc/passwd

Is just fine!


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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: EAT YOUR PERL PIE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3608 - December 26, 2015

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EAT YOUR PERL PIE

Mom always sed, "eat your Perl pie"!

A common task is to substitute
text strings within one or
more files. The sed string
substitution command is often
used to accomplish this, where
sed is passed a file name, the
string substitutions are written
to another file, and then that
file is copied over the first
file to effect the changes
desired in the original.

This approach has some inherent
problems. The command syntax is
lengthy and cumbersome, a
secondary file is created
which involves additional disk
I/O, and when that file is
copied or moved back over the
first one, permissions problems
and file ownership problems can
be created. If your umask
doesn't match the permissions of
the original file, then the
permissions of the final modified
file will be different than those
of the original. Likewise,
default ownerships and group
names are imposed on the temporary
copy, and if one is not careful,
when the temporary copy is written
back to the original file, these
can destroy the original file's
ownership and group information.

A much better way to accomplish
text substitution within a file or
group of files is to use the
"perl pie" approach, as shown here
on file foo:

perl -p -i -e 's/original text string/replacement string' foo

The above command will replace the
first instance of "original text
string" with "replacement string"
in file foo. If you want to
perform this globally within the
file, add the /g global specifier
at the back end, as follows:

perl -p -i -e 's/original text string/replacementstring/g' foo

To act on several files in the
same directory, change the file
specification as needed, by
specifying foo*, *, or whatever
you need.

Note that perl uses the exact
same syntax for the actual string
substitution portion of the command
as sed does, which makes the command
syntax easy to remember. However,
perl performs the entire operation
on the file without the use of any
secondary files needing to be
created, which eliminates the extra
disk I/O and the potential
permissions and ownership issues.



This tip generously supported by: jem@postfive.rose.hp.com




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: CHANGING A PRINT QUEUE IP

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3607 - December 25, 2015

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CHANGING A PRINT QUEUE IP


To change the IP address of
a print queue in HP UX 10.20
(and maybe others), go to
/var/spool/lp/interface.
Edit the file with the same
name as the print queue and
change parameter PERIPH to
the new IP address.

For example, to change
printer_1 from 127.0.0.2 to
127.0.10.10, edit
/var/spool/lp/interface/printer_1
and change the line PERIPH=127.0.0.2 to
PERIPH=127.0.10.10.

Disable and enable printer_1,
and jobs sent to printer_1 will
go to the new IP address.


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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: MOVING FILES AROUND

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3606 - December 24, 2015

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MOVING FILES AROUND

Here is another way to move
files around.

Sometimes you find yourself
wanting to move a bunch of
files into a new directory
that is to be created in the
current working directory.

Rather than using a temporary
directory, or grep and variable
substitution; use a subshell:

$ ( \ls; echo dir; mkdir dir ) | xargs mv

The trick is in using a subshell
to run a number of commands
_before_ the output is piped to
xargs. This idiom is also useful
for plenty of other applications.




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: GOOD TIME FOR CRON

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3605 - December 23, 2015

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GOOD TIME FOR CRON

At a US government site, most of
the maintenance cron jobs ran at
noon, because testing showed that
to be the least used time in any 24-hour
weekday. Some users were around at all
hours of the night, but everyone went to
lunch!

Tibor Pollerman




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: PATHS EASIER TO READ

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3604 - December 22, 2015

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PATHS EASIER TO READ

Am I the only one who finds the

% echo $PATH

and

% echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

unreadable? Try this to make
for something thats much easier
to read:

echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n"


This tip generously supported by: ng@clubgeek.net




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: KEEP THAT USER OUT!

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3603 - December 21, 2015

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KEEP THAT USER OUT!

Ever get into one of
those pesky admin wars
or need to keep the
developers off of your
system for a few minutes
without taking the system
to single user mode?

This nasty little script
will do the trick.

[root@foo /]# while true
> do
> kill -9 $(ps -aux |grep username | awk '{ print $2 }' )
> sleep 2
> done

This can make you the life
of the party (At work)

Don Cooley
Unix Systems/Security Admin
Wellogix Inc.
dcooley@wellogix.com




This tip generously supported by: dcooley@wellogix.com




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: GETTING IPs FROM IFCONFIG

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3602 - December 20, 2015

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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GETTING IPs FROM IFCONFIG

You can use ifconfig to lookup
IP addresses bound to your box.
If you do not want to search the
output from ifconfig, use the
following command to get just
the IP listing.

ifconfig | awk '/inet/{print $2}' | awk -F: '{print $2}'





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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: PING THE HOST TABLE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3601 - December 19, 2015

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PING THE HOST TABLE

There's no need to grep and
pipe the output into awk
(you can "grep" with awk.)

awk '/^[0-9]/{print $1}' /etc/hosts |xargs -l ping -c 1 $1


This tip generously supported by: bmaclean@silverplatter.com

And another:

awk '/^[^#]/ {system("ping -c 1 "$1)}' < /etc/hosts


This tip generously supported by: maddox@xmission.com




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: USES FOR AWK

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3600 - December 18, 2015

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USES FOR AWK

If you have a server
with alot of filesystems
on it (oracle/SAP
environments) then this
little awk command can
come in useful. It can
obviously be used in many
other situations also. In
this example, the file
structure is /oracle/PRD/xxxx.

awk '/PRD/{ print "umount " $3 }' /etc/vfstab | /sbin/sh

If you run it without
piping it to 'sh', then it
will show you what the command
will do. You can replace the
'umount' with whatever command you
like. It's a quick and easy though.





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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: PERL FIND AND REPLACE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3599 - December 17, 2015

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PERL FIND AND REPLACE

In UNIX environment, the
following combination of perl
and find will serch for a
particular file and replace
the occurence of a particular
string with another string in
that file. This will also
work for multiple files and
directories. The find
command finds the file and
the perl script replaces
old string with the new one.


At the command prompt give
this command:

# perl -pi -e 's/<old string>/<new string>' `find . -name "<file name>"`

NB: Perl should be in the
path and the general regular
expression rules apply while
using special characters
for eg / or .


This tip generously supported by: pandpr@dh.cit.alcatel.fr




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: FIND AND EDIT IN ONE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3585 - December 3, 2015

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FIND AND EDIT IN ONE

Have You Ever found a need to find a file for a particular pattern and then
edit the same ??

Here is an easiest way....

At the UNIX prompt,
Just type:

vi `find . -name "*" -exec grep -l "pattern" {} \; -print`

Where "pattern" is the string to be searched.




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: CARROTS ARE GOOD FOR YOU

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3584 - December 2, 2015

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CARROTS ARE GOOD FOR YOU

Most often when we try to execute a command at the shell we do
some mistakes like missing out a char or misspelling it.
Here is a easy way of correcting the mistake without having
to type the entire command again!.

In the below command "name" has been misspelled as "naem"

$ find . -naem "*.txt" -print
find: invalid predicate `-naem'

The above command would be valid if we replace "em" (in naem)
to "me"( to have name ). Use carrots to make this change

$ ^em^me^
find . -name "*.txt" -print

This technique works well with bash and csh.

This tip generously supported by: desikann@future.futsoft.com




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Unix Tip: WHERE ARE THOSE PARENTHESES?

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3583 - December 1, 2015

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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WHERE ARE THOSE PARENTHESES?

Do you ever lose your way in multiple levels of parentheses
or braces? If you program in Perl or C, you know what I
mean. Let the vi "%" command help you. Move the cursor to
a parenthesis or brace and type %. vi will move the
cursor to the corresponding character. Hit % again and vi
will return to the original parenthesis or brace.

For extra power, issue "/{" to find the first open brace.
Hit "%" twice to find the corresponding brace and return.
Hit "n" to find the next open brace. This allows you to
zip through the file checking your program structure.

It makes you feel sorry for Windows-based editors!




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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================