Unix and Linux Tips: Juli 2005

Minggu, 31 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: C BEAUTIFIER

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 2403 - July 31, 2005

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C BEAUTIFIER

In SCOUNIX, cb is a command which is used to beautify the c program written in sco.

IE:
# cb filename.c

# cb filename.c > fname.c

The above command displays the program with indentation which may help to find if the curly brackets are properly closed or not.

This tip generously supported by: sub_raghav@hotmail.com

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Sabtu, 30 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: LISTING DIRECTORIES ONLY

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Unix Tip 2402 - July 30, 2005

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LISTING DIRECTORIES ONLY

Oldie but a goodie.....

A quick way to list just directories in Unix:

ls -al | grep "^d"

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Jumat, 29 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: FILNAMES UPPER TO LOWER

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Unix Tip 2401 - July 29, 2005

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FILNAMES UPPER TO LOWER

This script can be used to renames all the file in current directory with UPPERCASE letters to lowercase.

I uses it because some time when I try to upload some files from a Windows system to a unix based web server, the files somehow gets converted to UPPERCASES, which is undesirable.

###########################

for uppercase in `ls`
do
for lowercase in `ls $uppercase|tr [A-Z] [a-z]`
do
mv $lowercase $uppercase 2>/dev/null
done
done

############################

This tip generously supported by: ssdhawan@bhartitelesoft.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
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Kamis, 28 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: FINDING THE LARGEST FILE

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Unix Tip 2400 - July 28, 2005

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FINDING THE LARGEST FILE

Did you ever fill up a filesystem and want to know what large files are consuming the space. This will sort the largest files, top to bottom.

find /var -mount -ls -xdev | /usr/bin/sort -nr +6 | more

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Rabu, 27 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: VI EXECUTION

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Unix Tip 2399 - July 27, 2005

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VI EXECUTION

While writing shell scripts in vi, have you ever considered the time wasted by going in and out of vi to test your commands by executing them on the command line.

To increase your productivity, it would be a lot quicker if you could execute these commands from within the editor and view their output before writing them to your script.

This is possible and quite straight forward. Enter the following within vi

:!testscript

(i.e. colon exclamation mark)

Then enter your command as you would at the $ or # prompt.

The command executes, the result is displayed and you are propmted to press return to continue.

This tip generously supported by:michael.byrne@nuinternational.com

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Selasa, 26 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: A PROPER USE OF FIND

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Unix Tip 2398 - July 26, 2005

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A PROPER USE OF FIND

Most often we find a file using the 'find' command, but sometimes we know that find does not give results if not used in a proper way.

Here is an example to demonstrate it.

Assume that /project/src is a symlink then

find /project/src -name ...

symlink will not be followed. One alternative way is to use the command

cd /project/src; find . -name ...

but /project/src may not exist or could be a dangling symlink! So use the following command to overcome this.

cd /project/src && find . -name ...

This tip generously supported by: desikann@future.futsoft.com

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Senin, 25 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: STALE MOUNT HANGS LS

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Unix Tip 2397 - July 25, 2005

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STALE MOUNT HANGS LS

Often times a stale NFS mount point can hang a long listing of a directory (ls -al).

To avoid this make the mount point down one level.

So instead of:

mount rocket:/people /people

If the system rocket was down the chances of a long listing

% ls -al /

of the root directory would hang for a long period until the NFS mount timed out.

Avoid this with most flavors by

mount rocket:/people /rocket/people

then a long listing of root

% ls -al /

would work, but

% ls -al /rocket

would hang due to the stale
mount point.

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Minggu, 24 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: ANOTHER FILE REVERSAL

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Unix Tip 2396 - July 24, 2005

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ANOTHER FILE REVERSAL

For those that don't have the tac command, to reverse a file in UNIX, you could use:

cat <file-name> | awk '{ line[NR] = $0;} END
{for(i=NR;i>1;i--) print line[i] }'

This tip generously supported by: chandramohan_k@infy.com

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Sabtu, 23 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: OOPS.. RM STAR

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Unix Tip 2395 - July 23, 2005

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OOPS.. RM STAR

To prevent accidental removal of files in a directory you can create a file called "-i" this is done from a bourne shell by typing:

> -i

this will be the first file in the directory so if you type:

rm *

The rm command assumes you have typed:

rm -i *

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Jumat, 22 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: HOW MANY BITS?

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Unix Tip 2394 - July 22, 2005

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HOW MANY BITS?

There is a Solaris command to tell you if your in 64 or 32 bit mode:

isainfo -vk

This tip generously supported by: boni@dsw.net

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Kamis, 21 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: DAILY BACKUP CHECK

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Unix Tip 2393 - July 21, 2005

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DAILY BACKUP CHECK

System administrators have to check by various means whether the daily backup is sucessfully completed.

One way is to maintain a short log file which will log 4 or 5 lines everytime the backup is completed.

The latest backup results will be automatically checked by System administrator on login, if he adds these lines at the end of his .profile file.

tail -5 /PATH/SHORT_LOG_FILE.log

This tip generously supported by: deodatta_deshpande@yahoo.com

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Rabu, 20 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: OUTPUT A FILE IN REVERSE

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Unix Tip 2392 - July 20, 2005

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OUTPUT A FILE IN REVERSE

A Linux Tip, you flavor may very.

If you want to output all the lines in a text file backwords use "tac". It does just the opposite of cat.

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Selasa, 19 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: USE DU TO FIND FILES

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Unix Tip 2391 - July 19, 2005

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USE DU TO FIND FILES

Normally:

find . -name *.txt -print

is the command to find a file.But you can locate find more efficiently using du and grep

Use:

du -a |grep *.txt

This will locate all the files with the extension .txt in the current directory.

This tip generously supported by: deepaksingla@mailcity.com

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Senin, 18 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: WATCHING MAKE

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Unix Tip 2390 - July 18, 2005

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WATCHING MAKE

When compiling software, don't just type 'make' and let run! You will never be able to catch your errors!

Do 'make > Make.Out &'
and then do

'tail -f Make.Out'.

That will continuously show you the end of your Make.Out file, giving you the chance to go "Hey, what was that?!?",
hit ^C, grep Make.Out, and not interrupt your compile.

This tip generously supported by: mhunter@jfku.edu

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Minggu, 17 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: MAPPING MAN

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Unix Tip 2389 - July 17, 2005

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MAPPING MAN

In Solaris, indexing the
man pages:

1. Set your MANPATH variable
to include all your man pages
to be indexed:

Eg. #> MANPATH=/usr/man:/usr/dt/man:/opt/VRTSvxvm/man; export MANPATH

2. Use catman command to index
the man pages:

#> catman -w

Now you can use 'whatis' command
to know what a command does and
'man -k' commands to search for
a keyword in man pages.

This tip generously supported by: MohanGullipalli@firstusa.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
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Sabtu, 16 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: FOLDING LINUX LINES

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UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 2388 - July 16, 2005

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FOLDING LINUX LINES

If files have long lines
and you want wrap those lines
at 80 columns. Then you can
use the fold command:

$fold my_file

See man for more options.

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Jumat, 15 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: FINDING MORE LARGE FILES

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Unix Tip 2387 - July 15, 2005

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FINDING MORE LARGE FILES

To find out the large files
on a file system.

find / -xdev -size +1024 -exec ls -al {} \; | sort -r -k 5

Suported by : tb.unnikrishnan@citicorp.com

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Kamis, 14 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: MORE SUN INFO

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Unix Tip 2386 - July 14, 2005

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MORE SUN INFO

Ever wanted to know how many
power supplies your enterprise
server has ??

Use prtdiag -v, its located in
/usr/lpatform/`uname -i`/sbin
directory.

It also provides more information
about your solaris server
including number processors,
their temp. running clock speed
etc.

The arich. of your system,
enterprise server type and lot
more info is displayed....

Just give it a try.

Thanx
Manish.

This tip generously supported by: mct5030@yahoo.com

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Rabu, 13 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: LINE NUMBERS IN LINUX

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Unix Tip 2385 - July 13, 2005

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LINE NUMBERS IN LINUX

If you want a file with line
numbers (say for printing).
You can use the "nl" command
in linux.

$ nl file.c > file.c.num

See man for more options.
Normally nl gives line numbers
only for non blank lines.

To force it to give it to all lines
use -ba option:

$ nl -ba file.c >file.c.all_num

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Selasa, 12 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: CONVERTING UNIX MAN PAGES

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Unix Tip 2384 - July 12, 2005

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CONVERTING UNIX MAN PAGES

(Another approach)

To convert Unix Man pages
to text format, you can make
use of one feature of 'man'
itself. (check out man man)

Set environment variable
PAGER to 'cat'. Then run:

'man command_name > command_name.txt'

eg. in csh, to see man ls in a text file
setenv PAGER cat
man ls > ls.txt

NOTE: Do not forget to
unsetenv PAGER, else you will
have to pipe every man command
to 'more' or (my favourite) 'less'.

This tip generously supported by: amar_san@yahoo.com

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Senin, 11 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: MOUNTING AN UPPER CASE CD

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Unix Tip 2383 - July 11, 2005

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MOUNTING AN UPPER CASE CD

To mount a cd on Linux to
keep upper charaters use:

# mount -t iso9660 -o map=o /dev/"cdrom" /your/mountpoint

This tip generously supported by: sehtowe@hygiene.sca.se

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Minggu, 10 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: ANOTHER GET YOUR IP ADDRESS

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Unix Tip 2382 - July 10, 2005

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ANOTHER GET YOUR IP ADDRESS

A previous tip listed how
to get the IP address for your
system using the output from
ifconfig. However the output
from ifconfig is different
across systems.

For Solaris use:

ifconfig -a | grep "inet" | grep -v "127.0.0.1" | awk '{print $2;}'

For HP-UX use:

ifconfig foo | grep "inet" | awk '{print $2;}'

Where foo is the interface, generally lan0, lan1 etc.

This tip generously supported by: gromano@staterail.nsw.gov.au

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Jumat, 08 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: SHELL PROMPT CONTROL

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Unix Tip 2380 - July 8, 2005

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SHELL PROMPT CONTROL

Shell prompts to identify
system and logged in users.

The entries can be made in
the /etc/profiles file that TELNET and interactive terminal logins use.

If your SHELL=/bin/sh
#for example SOLARIS

PS1="`hostname1{$LOGNAME} "

If your SHELL=/bin/bash
# for example Linux

PS1='\h:\w\$ '

If your SHELL=/bin/zsh

PS1="%m"%~%# "

The details of environment
variable assignments are usually
documented in the man pages for
the shell being used.

You may wish to test the substitutions by spawning a subshell (issuing the sh, bash, zsh, ksh, ash or other shell command), then perform the environment variable substitution assignments and see what happens.
When you are satisfied with the results, then place appropriate entries in the etc/profile or
startup script for your favorite shell program.

This tip generously supported by:
Steven.J.Hathaway@state.or.us

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Kamis, 07 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: SOLARIS PROCESSOR COUNT

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Unix Tip 2379 - July 7, 2005

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SOLARIS PROCESSOR COUNT

Ever needed to know how many
processors you have and what
speed their running at on
your Solaris system?

Just run the command "prtdiag"
from the directory
/usr/platform/sun4u/sbin. Add
a "-v" for even more info about
power supply and power/cpu fans.

This tip generously supported by: litz2@home.com

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Rabu, 06 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: MOVING FILES WITH CPIO

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Unix Tip 2378 - July 6, 2005

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MOVING FILES WITH CPIO

If you have a multitude of
files to move from one
directory or filesystem to
another, here's a one liner:

# find /old_directory -depth | cpio -pdmv /new_directory

This will move all of the
files under the specified
old_directory to the
new_directory, keeping the
same ownership, permissions,
and directory structure.

This tip generously supported by: BAtkins@osc.uscg.mil

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Selasa, 05 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: CHECKI FOR FULL FILESYSTEMS

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Unix Tip 2377 - July 5, 2005

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CHECKI FOR FULL FILESYSTEMS

Many times we have a file systems which is too full.
To quickly find out which are the large files in there we could use:

find / -xdev -size +1024 -ls | sort -r +b

So we can clean up some
files which have grown too big.

This tip generously supported by: vinit.adya@citicorp.com

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Senin, 04 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: SUPPLIMENT: DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME

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UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 2376 - July 4, 2005

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SUPPLIMENT: DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME

Daylight savings is about to strike
in some parts of the U.S.:

http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/b.html

Remember to check any and all cron jobs that may run between 2am and 3am.

The day after the time on remote systems can be verified quickly
by using telnet to port 13 :

telnet [host] 13

Good Luck!

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Minggu, 03 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: ADJUSTING FILES TIMES

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Unix Tip 2375 - July 3, 2005

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ADJUSTING FILES TIMES

To Make a file look older.

Use touch -t option to change
the time stamp of a file syntax is:

touch -t ccyymmddhhMMSS filename

You can manipulate the timings of
your files using this option.

This tip generously supported by: deepak.singla@ehpt.com

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Sabtu, 02 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: CONNECTING DATABASE THROUGH SHELl

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Unix Tip 2374 - July 2, 2005

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CONNECTING DATABASE THROUGH SHELl

isql utility of Sybase can be
efficiently used through shell
scripts as follows:

---------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
cat /dev/null>/tmp/qry.sql
cat << SQL >> /tmp/qry.sql
select name from sysobjects where type = 'T'
SQL

isql -U <login> -P <pass> -S <server> -D <database> -i
/tmp/qry.sql
#remove the query file
rm /tmp/qry.sql

Jumat, 01 Juli 2005

Unix Tip: FILES TOO LARGE FOR FLOPPY

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Unix Tip 2404 - August 1, 2005

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FILES TOO LARGE FOR FLOPPY

Ever want to find the files that won't fit on a floppy when you need to do a doswrite to export something? This will do it:

find . -size +1440k -exec ls -ld {}\;

Note: This will list the files in the directory where you are, that exceed the maximum size in kilobytes for a high-density DOS format floppy. Please don't forget the single dot after "find" and you can change the 1440k to whatever you want.
(I once had a need to find stuff that was 3 megabytes and over to keep out of a directory so I used +3000k in place of the +1440k above.)

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