Unix Tip: ARCHIVE ONLY FILES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3095 - July 28, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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ARCHIVE ONLY FILES

The following will archive only the regular files in a directory, ommitting subdirectories and hidden files:

ls -al | awk '$0!~/^d/ {print $9}' | xargs tar cvf archive_name.tar

This tip generously supported by: steve-g@bigfoot.com

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: FIND AND EDIT STRINGS

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3094 - July 27, 2009

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FIND AND EDIT STRINGS

Ever found a need to find for a particular string across the file system and edit all those files which contains that particular string??

Here is a simple way.

Suppose you want to search for a pattern "mphasis" across file system and edit those files..

Just type this at the command prompt:

vi `find . -name "*" -exec grep -l mphasis {} \; -print`

This tip is supported by: Manjunath.Alkod@mphasis.com

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: GRABBING THE HIDDEN

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3093 - July 26, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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GRABBING THE HIDDEN

To easily select all hidden files, use the following:

.[^.]* ..?*

For example,
echo .[^.]* ..?*

will output a list of all hidden files in your current directory.

.[^.]* selects all files starting with a dot but NOT having a dot as their second character.

..?* selects all files starting with two dots and having at least one additional character

Together, they will retrieve ANY file starting with '.' except '.' and '..' (even tricky ones like '...hideme')

The ^ (caret) symbol can be used as the first character inside [ ] at any time to say "not one of the following" rather than the usual "any one of the following."

[^0-9a-fA-F] will match any character that is NOT a hex digit.

This tip generously supported by: wurzel@concentric.net

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: RENAMING UNPRINTABLE DIRECTORIES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3088 - July 21, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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RENAMING UNPRINTABLE DIRECTORIES

This happened just the other day, and wanted to make it available.

We discovered a directory with no name or unprintable characters:

foohost# ls -ail
208978 drwxr-xr-x 1 2430 Aug 3 13:08
209299 drwxr-xr-x 24 3287 Oct 25 1993 .
208946 drwxr-xr-x 49 447 Jun 22 1993 ..

Using the '-i' option in ls provided the inode of the directory. We then were able to move the directory to another name so we could see what was in it using a find command:

foohost# find . -inum 208946 -exec mv {} new.dir \;

Worked like a charm.

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: YET ANOTHER COUNTDOWN

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3087 - July 20, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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YET ANOTHER COUNTDOWN

The unix time() value will rollover to 10 digits for the first time in modern computer history starting Saturday Sept 8th,2001. The timestamp will be 10 digits long, and not 9.

Here's a short Perl script to compute the time left:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;

my $now=time();
my $target='1000000000';
my
($sec,$min,$hrs,$dom,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst)=localtime($target
- $now);
my $now_string=localtime(time());
my $target_string=localtime($target);
my $message=qq{today is $now_string\n$mon months $dom days $hrs
hours $min minutes $sec seconds left till U1e9
($target_string)\n};
print $message;

This tip generously supported by: scooper@absolutemadness.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: KILL IDLE USERS

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3086 - July 19, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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KILL IDLE USERS

Here is a quick script to kill idle users at the 10 hour mark.

Cchange the 10 to the hour you would like to kill at and #run as cron every hour This is for HP UNIX, check the fields on the "who" command for your flavor

------- cut here ----------

who -u | cut -c 1-10,39-50 | grep 10: > current
for each IDLE_USR ( `cat current | awk '{print $3}'` )
kill -9 $IDLE_USR
end
exit (0)

------- cut here ----------

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: CHANGE TO LAST DIRECTORY

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3083 - July 16, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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CHANGE TO LAST DIRECTORY

Return to the previous directory:

To return to the last directory we were working in type.

cd ~-

This tip generously supported by: Prashant.Mhatre@nasd.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: COUNTING BLANK LINES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3082 - July 15, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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COUNTING BLANK LINES

Counting blank lines in a file which may include spaces and tabs:

cat filename |awk ' /^['\ '|'\\t']*$/ { ++x } END { print "No. of Blank Lines = " x } '

This tip generously supported by: rajibroy@engineer.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: GETTING MORE FROM SIGSEGV

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3081 - July 14, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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GETTING MORE FROM SIGSEGV

For those who want to get more info on SIGSEGV for your application in Linux, you can use the following command "catchsegv".

for eg: consider the program (a.c)
main()
{
char *p = 0;
*p = 'a';
}

$cc a.c
$catchsegv a.out #produces the following output

*** Segmentation fault
Register dump:
EAX: 00000000 EBX: 4010e1ec ECX: 08048398 EDX: 4010f098
ESI: 4000ae60 EDI: bffffafc EBP: bffffab0 ESP: bffffaac

EIP: 080483a8 EFLAGS: 00010296

CS: 0023 DS: 002b ES: 002b FS: 0000 GS: 0000 SS: 002b

Trap: 0000000e Error: 00000006 OldMask: 00000000
ESP/signal: bffffaac CR2: 00000000

FPUCW: ffff037f FPUSW: ffff0000 TAG: ffffffff
IPOFF: 00000000 CSSEL: 0000 DATAOFF: 0000ffff DATASEL:
0000

ST(0) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(1) 0000 cf118de5ab2a5800
ST(2) 0000 feb02a6c405d9ad4 ST(3) 0000 0000000000000000
ST(4) 0000 8000000000000000 ST(5) 0000 8000000000000000
ST(6) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(7) 0000 847fffdee0000848

Backtrace:
/usr/src/bs/BUILD/glibc-2.1.3/csu/init.c:0(??)[0x80483a8]
/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xff)[0x400369cb]
??:0(_start)[0x8048311]
"csv" 25L, 860C

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: ANOTHER UPPER TO LOWER

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3080 - July 13, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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ANOTHER UPPER TO LOWER

Changing file Names From UPPER TO LOWER case and vice versa

This script can be used to convert the file names from upper case to lower case and vice versa.

####################
typeset -u Lcase
for Ucase in `ls`
do
Lcase=$Ucase
mv $Ucase $Lcase
done
######################

And to convert from lower case to upper case, just change (typeset -u ) to be ( typeset -l ).

This tip generously supported by: yousif_morckos@yahoo.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: APPENDING TEXT AT BOTH ENDS

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3079 - July 12, 2009

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APPENDING TEXT AT BOTH ENDS

If you need to append some text to both the ends of a string in vi, use the following command in vi:

:/^\(.*\)/s//starttextcomeshere \1 endtextcomeshere/

If "iamworthless" is the text at the position of the cursor in the vi editor, the output of the command:

:/^\(.*\)/s//DONTFEEL \1 ANYTIME/

DONTFEEL iamworthless ANYTIME

As you guessed, "DONTFEEL " and " ANYTIME" are the strings you would like to crush "iamworthless" with. The "\1" is the variable that stores the entire pattern searched by the "/\(.*\)/"

This tip generously supported by: hg_krishnan@yahoo.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: CSH PROMPT SETTING

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3076 - July 9, 2009

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CSH PROMPT SETTING

In (t)csh, here is a better way to set your prompt to always let you know where on the system you are. In your .cshrc file, add or set the following line:

set prompt = "%m%/% "

This way, whenever you press return, or a job finishes, the prompt will always tell you where you are, without having to change directories first. Of extra usefulness, the '%m%' token expands to the machine name. If you work on a multimachine system, knowing which machine you're on is usually of more immediate importance than where on the machine you are.

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: CONVERT TEXT2HTML

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3075 - July 8, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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CONVERT TEXT2HTML

Ever felt the need to convert a text file to html?

Create a file named txt2html with the following contents

# Always start the output with
#an html header

BEGIN {print "<html>"
print "<head>"

# use the name of the inputfile
# as title

print "<title>" FILENAME "</title>"
print "</head>"

# The text is formatted
# already, so use <pre>

print "<body><pre>"}

# lines consisting of a number
# of dashes (more than 1) are
# replaced by a <hr>

/^---*$/ {print "<hr align=\"left\" width=" length "0 size=1>"; next}

# lines consisting of a number of equalsigns are replaced
# by a thick <hr>

/^===*$/ {print "<hr align=\"left\" width=" length "0 size=3>"; next}

# less than and greater than
# sign must me replaced by tags.

{gsub("<","\&lt;")
gsub(">","\&gt;")

# Replace form feeds by a
# couple of empty lines

gsub("^L","<br>\&nbsp;<br>\&nbsp;<br>\&nbsp;<br>")
print}

# At the end of the output,
# we must add some closing tags.

END {print "</pre></body>"}

Make this executable (chmod a+x txt2html) and you're ready to start converting your test files.

txt2html something.txt > something.html

This tip generously supported by: ugu@couprie.org

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: EFFICIENT COMMANDS

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3074 - July 7, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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EFFICIENT COMMANDS

I cringe anytime I see someone code inefficiently. Here are three of the most common mistakes, followed by a better way to do the same thing.

Bad: cat somefile | grep something
Better: grep something somefile
Why: You're running one program (grep) instead of two (cat and grep).

Bad: ps -ef | grep something | grep -v grep
Better: ps -ef | grep [s]omething
Why: You're running two commands (grep) instead of three (ps and two greps).

Bad: cat /dev/null > somefile
Better: > somefile
Why: You're running a command (cat) with I/O redirection, instead of just redirection.

Although the bad way will have the same result, the good way is far faster. This may seem trivial, but the benefits will really show when dealing with large files or loops.

Regards.

This tip generously supported by: sec@nbnet.nb.ca

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: TOO MANY FILES AROUND

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3073 - July 6, 2009

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

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TOO MANY FILES AROUND

In case there are too many files in a particular directory. When the following is executed:

$grep "ABC" *

And it fails saying with

ksh: /usr/bin/find: 0403-027 The parameter list is too long.

what would you do?

Well you can do the following:

$ls |xargs grep "ABC"

-----
Puneet Agarwal
This tip generously supported by: puneeta@delhi.tcs.co.in

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: EXTRACT RELATIVE FROM ABSOLUTE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3072 - July 5, 2009

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EXTRACT RELATIVE FROM ABSOLUTE

Ever had a tar archive which was tarred up with an absolute path, but you need to untar it to a relative location?

There is an easy way to do this using the "pax" command. Note: Not available on all flavors.

Firstly, copy the archive to the relative location in which you wish to untar it.

Then, execute the following command:

pax -r -s ',^/,,' -f file.tar

The contents of file.tar will now be in the $CWD.

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: Rename files script

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3068 - July 1, 2009

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Rename files script

If you want to rename files in a directory then you can use the following perl script....

#!/usr/bin/perl
# rename: renames files according to the expr given on the command line.
# The expr will usually be a 's' or 'y' command, but can be any valid
# perl command if it makes sense. Takes a list of files to work on or
# defaults to '*' in the current directory.
# e.g.
# rename 's/\.flip$/.flop/' # rename *.flip to *.flop
# rename s/flip/flop/ # rename *flip* to *flop*
# rename 's/^s\.(.*)/$1.X/' # switch sccs filenames around
# rename 's/$/.orig/' */*.[ch] # add .orig to your source files in */
# rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' # lowercase all filenames in .
# rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/ if -B' # same, but just binaries!
# rename chop *~ # restore all ~ backup files

use Getopt::Std;
my ($subst, $name);

if (!&getopts("nfq") || $#ARGV == -1) {
die "Usage: rename [-fnq] <perl expression> [file file...]
-f : Force the new filename even if it exists already
-n : Just print what would happen, but don't do the command
-q : Don't print the files as they are renamed
e.g. : rename 's/\.c/.c.old/' *
rename -q 'y/A-Z/a-z/' *\n";
}

$subst = shift; # Get perl command to work on
@ARGV = <*> if $#ARGV < 0; # Default to complete directory

foreach $name (@ARGV) {
$_ = $name;
eval "$subst;";
die $@ if $@;
next if -e $_ && !$opt_f; # Skip if the file exists if asked to.
mext if $_ eq $name;
if ($opt_n) {
print "mv $name $_\n";
next;
}
print "mv $name $_\n" if !$opt_q;
rename($name,$_) or warn "Can't rename $name to $_, $!\n";
}

Put the script called rename in /usr/local/bin. Make sure /usr/local/bin is in your $PATH for convenience.

This tip generously supported by: dave.ruddle@siemens.co.uk

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