Unix and Linux Tips: November 2011

Rabu, 30 November 2011

Unix Tip: GREP TEXT NOT BINARY

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3582 - November 30, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

GREP TEXT NOT BINARY

In some directories such as /etc you have a mix of file types.
You may want to grep out a string from one of the files but
don't want to worry about the binaries, data, etc. To accomplish
this, searching only text files do this:

grep <string> `file * | egrep 'script|text' | awk -F: '{print $1}'`

This tip generously supported by: Richard.place-eds@eds.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
To Subscribe: http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.subscribe
To Unsubscribe: http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.unsubscribe
To Submit A Tip: http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Selasa, 29 November 2011

Unix Tip: GET THE HIDDEN FILES

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3581 - November 29, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

GET THE HIDDEN FILES

A safe way of grabbing all "hidden" files is to use '.??*'
rather than '.*' since this will only match 3 or more
characters. Admittedly, this will miss any hidden files
that are only a single character after the ., but it
will always miss '.' & '..', which is probably more
important...

This tip generously supported by: leopard@midwinter.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Senin, 28 November 2011

Unix Tip: FINDING A STRING

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3580 - November 28, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

FINDING A STRING

How to find a string somewhere on the system. Many times we are
called to search for a string, but we have no idea where it may
be lurking. Judicious use of the find and grep commands will
make you a hero with your co-workers.

# find . -type f -exec grep "string or options" /dev/null {} \;

Normally using only:
# find . -type f -exec grep "string/options" {} \;

Produces the target string, but you will have no clue as to where
it is located, making this almost as frustrating as using windoze!
Remember when grep'ing against multiple files the filename will be
listed before the match.

$ grep there *
foo:I found the target here
bar:You are there

In our find command we use /dev/null as a file to search against, since
we know the search will always fail if the string is found in "{}" there
filename is printed. To borrow from a famous quote:
"Pretty tricky sis!"

This tip generously supported by: james_b_horwath@glic.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Minggu, 27 November 2011

Unix Tip: RANDOM LINES FROM A FILE

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3579 - November 27, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

RANDOM LINES FROM A FILE

A easy way to retrieve random lines from a text file:

perl -e '$count = 10; @line = <>; for (1..$count) { print $line[int rand @line] }'

example:
% cat /etc/passwd | perl -e '$count = 10; @line = <>; for (1..$count) { print $line[int rand @line] }'

This tip generously supported by: abend@110.net

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Sabtu, 26 November 2011

Unix Tip: EXTRACT THAT LAST FIELD

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3578 - November 26, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

EXTRACT THAT LAST FIELD

You can use 'cut' to extract the last field of a line if you know
how many fields there are, eg:

field=`cut -d: -f8 file`

But if you don't know the maximum number of fields or the number
of fields per line are not consistent, awk can come to the rescue.
awk has the inbuilt variable NF for the number of fields. By using
this variable we can use it to extract the last field by using:

field=`awk -F: '{print $NF}'`

or you can use calculations to retrieve any field relative to the last field.
For example to retrieve the second last field, use:

field=`awk -F: '{print $(NF-1)}'`

This tip generously supported by: peters@ginini.com.au

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Jumat, 25 November 2011

Unix Tip: FULL OF FILESYSTEM INODES

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3577 - November 25, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

FULL OF FILESYSTEM INODES

We recently had a problem where a file system had 100% inode usage.
Unfortunately there isn't an easy way to search for directories with
a lot of files in them (1 file = 1 inode). And if the files are small,
you can't rely on du to help you out.

Here is a find command that will print all the directories in the
current filesystem, with the number of files (inodes) in that directory.

find . -xdev -type d -exec /bin/echo -n {} \; -exec sh -c "ls {} | wc -l" \;

This tip generously supported by: rickb@cmhcsys.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Kamis, 24 November 2011

Unix Tip: FORGET THE CRONTAB MAN

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3576 - November 24, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

FORGET THE CRONTAB MAN

For some reason many admins forget the field order of the
crontab file and alway reference the man pages over-and-over.
Make your life easy. Just put the field definitions in
your crontab file and comment (#) the lines out so the
crontab file ignores it.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Rabu, 23 November 2011

Unix Tip: POWER OF BACKQUOTES

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3575 - November 23, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

POWER OF BACKQUOTES

Backquotes are the most powerful things in Unix. More than one
Unix commands can be run simultaneously on the prompt.
In csh,

% find . -name "*.txt" -print

gives the path & names of the files with extension ".txt" in
current directory and its subdirectories. If you want to open
these files in vi together then

% vi `find . -name "*.txt" -print`

Similarly,

% find . -name "*.txt" -print
<listing of all txt files. in current directory/sub-dirs>
% vi `!!`

this will open all those files in vi listed by find command.

This tip generously supported by: dhruvm@duettech.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Selasa, 22 November 2011

Unix Tip: PING THE HOST TABLE

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3574 - November 22, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

PING THE HOST TABLE

Here is a quick way to ping all the hosts in your host table.
NOTE: Just make sure that there are no blank lines in it, and
verify the ping command on your system exist after one ping. Your
mileage may differ slightly.

$ grep -v "#" /etc/hosts | awk '{print $1}' | while read host
> do
> ping -c 1 $host
> done

Or script it:

#!/bin/sh
grep -v "#" /etc/hosts | awk '{print $1}' | while read host
do
ping -c 1 $host
done

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Senin, 21 November 2011

Unix Tip: A SHAMELESS PLUG

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3573 - November 21, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

A SHAMELESS PLUG

The Best Tip I can give you right now is to pick up a copy of
UNIX HINTS AND HACKS By the Creator of UGU.

It is available at Barnes & Nobles, Borders, and Technical book stores.

Some of the past tips from UGU can also be seen in the book.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0789719274/unixguruuniverse

Here are what some UGU'ers are saying about the book:
-----------------------------------------------------
mikec@sficorp.com from Green Bay, WI , August 21, 1999
FANTASTIC - FIVE STARS *****
This is a great book for those looking for quick solutions
to common real work scenarios. If you are responsible for
Unix (yes including Linux) systems this is one book you have
to have. For coding solutions the book usually shows both shell
script and perl examples for the same problem

jbaduria@hotmail.com from San Mateo, CA, USA , August 19, 1999
GREAT BOOK!! - FIVE STARS *****
Finally a book that deals with the real things that most UNIX
system administrators face. It saves you the trouble of finding
out things only after you face it. You could save yourself
a lot of time solving problems that could have been avoided
by reading this book. With the price nothing beats it. Not even
those $30+ books.

link2000@n-link.com from Tx, Usa , June 25, 1999
GREAT BOOK - FIVE STARS *****
This is a great book. It has many tricks that are geared toward real
world experience that are not covered in any other book I have seen.
I especially liked the section geared toward getting your first
job as an system admin. It is one book worth buying. For all kinds
of information for less than 15 dollars how could you go wrong.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Minggu, 20 November 2011

Unix Tip: REPETITIVE TASKS WITH XARGS

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3572 - November 20, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

REPETITIVE TASKS WITH XARGS

Save yourself a lot of typing when you have to perform repetitive
commands on a list of files. Put the list of files in a text file
with one file per line ie: find . -name version.C > filename
Then have xargs build a command line for each file in the list as
follows:

cat filename |xargs -n 1 cp anotherfile

This will copy anotherfile over all the files listed in
filename one at a time until the end of filename is reached.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Sabtu, 19 November 2011

Unix Tip: Suppose we want to check whether the web server is running or

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3571 - November 19, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

Suppose we want to check whether the web server is running or
not, but we don't have any browsers ( lynx, IE, Netscape ...),
then there is a simple way of doing that. Just telnet to that
machine on the http port ( port no 80 in general).

% telnet <ip addr> <port no>

And then, say "get /" (without quotes). If the webserver is running,
it displays the HTML script of the homepage or basic info and closes the
connection to the remote host.

% telnet yahoo.com 80
Trying 204.71.200.245...
Connected to yahoo.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
get /
HTTP/1.0 302 RD
Location: http://www.yahoo.com/

Connection closed by foreign host.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Jumat, 18 November 2011

Unix Tip: CTRL-D ANOTHER USE

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3570 - November 18, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

CTRL-D ANOTHER USE

Many Unix Admins use the C shell as their interactive shell.
An often used feature of Csh is file completion - initiated
with 'set filec'. It allows the Csh user to type in partial
file names, and then press escape to get them completed where
possible. A little known side effect of this is that
Control-D (^D) will now generate file listings in the middle of
command lines.

Example 1: (where @ is a space)
host > @^D
Lists the current directory

Example 2:
host >ln -s /usr/^D
Lists the /usr directory

host >tar cvf /dev/nrtape /usr/m^D
Lists all m* files in the /usr directory

In each case, after the listing, you get a new command line and are
placed at the last point of edit.

Very handy if you you know what you wanted to do but forgot what you
wanted to do it with!

This tip generously supported by: mikal.dunn@halliburton.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Kamis, 17 November 2011

Unix Tip: HIDE THOSE FILES

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3569 - November 17, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

HIDE THOSE FILES

If you want to have some hidden directories on your server (warez etc.)
then make a directory with permission 111.

% chmod 111 foo/

All the contents will become hidden:

% cd foo
% ls -al
Cannot access directory .: Permission denied

The directory will have to opened back up (755) in order to see or access
the files or the directory. To remove the directory and its contents, it
will also need to have the permissions opened.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Rabu, 16 November 2011

Unix Tip: TCSH AND RMSTAR

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3568 - November 16, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

TCSH AND RMSTAR

tcsh has a nice built in variable:
set rmstar

Whenever you type the command:

% rm *

The shell will ask you to confirm, this prevents you from deleting
all your files accidentally.

Add "set rmstar" in you .cshrc file for your own benefit.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Selasa, 15 November 2011

Unix Tip: PERFORMANCE OF CROND TASKS

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3567 - November 15, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

PERFORMANCE OF CROND TASKS

A good tip for getting better performance in crond tasks
is choosing a better time for launching them.

If the process that we want to launch needs few time,
but can overload the system easily, you can launch
the task in hours that the work is busy and -and HERE
is the tip- in strange minutes. That's why lots of
people launch their crons at midnight, but
nobody uses to do it at 00:13, in example.

That tip can obtain his best in hourly-launched
tasks. If that kind of tasks are launched all at
the same time, the system will overload without
any use. You can delay that kind of tasks (one
at 13th minute, other at 17th minute,other at
27th minute...) and obtain better performance
without work. That will avoid overloading caused
by launching several tasks at the same time.

The best is that administration tasks do
not overlap, but this is not always possible.
If you can do it, it's better you do it.

Using nice is also a good idea.

But the best is making a log of the uptime during
a week. You can be surprise, because all the staff
of a department of a firm use to do the coffee-break
at the same time; it's the perfect time for making
some administrative tasks. :-)
But do not clear the forbidden extensions -the famous
find /home -name core -exec \{\} \; and other stuff
like tmps, ~s and so on- of the system
at work time, or you will have a queue of staff people
very, very angry knocking at your door.

This tip generously supported by: irbis@activanet.es

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Senin, 14 November 2011

Unix Tip: SHELL SCRIPTING A SQLPLUS SCRIPT

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3566 - November 14, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

SHELL SCRIPTING A SQLPLUS SCRIPT

Here is a tip on how to run sqlplus scripts within a shell script.
It is an example of how to pass database values into shell variables
and to make shell scripts more dynamic. This maybe elementary to some
folks but hope it helps others.....Here is the syntax:

#!/bin/sh
dummyvar=`sqlplus -s username/password <<end
set pagesize 0 feedback off ver off heading off echo off
select sysdate from dual;
exit;
end`
echo "system date is " $dummyvar

Minggu, 13 November 2011

Unix Tip: I SEE YOU WITH FUSER

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3565 - November 13, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

I SEE YOU WITH FUSER

In System V, you can use the following command to see who is accessing
a particular file system:

fuser <file system>

For example, to see who is accessing the /cdrom directory:

fuser /cdrom

This command is useful if you wish to unmount a file system but the system
is unable to do so because it is being used.

This tip generously supported by: anthony-leong@usa.net

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Sabtu, 12 November 2011

Unix Tip: GLOBAL SYSTEM PATH SETTINGS

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3564 - November 12, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

GLOBAL SYSTEM PATH SETTINGS

Cross-Platform System Administration Tip

If you want to set a system path that will apply to all users,
regardless of which shell they use, edit the following file:

For Solaris: /etc/default/login
For HP-UX: /etc/PATH
For AIX: /etc/environment

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Jumat, 11 November 2011

Unix Tip: KILLING ALL USER PROCESSES

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3563 - November 11, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

KILLING ALL USER PROCESSES

The common method for killing all of a users processes
usually involves grepping the users name from 'ps', then
using awk to get the process id's and submitting them
to 'kill -9'.

Sys V
ex: kill -9 $(ps -fuusername | awk '{ print $2 }' )

BSDish
ex: kill -9 $(ps -aux |grep username | awk '{ print $2 }' )

The problems with doing this way are that it is slow, and
more importantly, it doesn't always kill all of the processes
on the first try.

There is a way to do this that always kills all of the users
processes the first time, and is very fast:

su - username -c 'kill -9 -1'

This tip generously supported by: jkstill@teleport.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Kamis, 10 November 2011

Unix Tip: NFS HANG FIX ON HP-UX

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3562 - November 10, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

NFS HANG FIX ON HP-UX

In an NFS environment (Hp-UX based), sometimes no user is
able to log-in when home directories are mounted using automounter).
As user validation occurs, the user .profile is executed but no shell
prompt appears unless the user presses CTRL-C.

The Solution to this is to kill the portmap & inetd and restart
the two daemons. The problem will then be sorted out.

This tip generously supported by: sgogia@hss.hns.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Rabu, 09 November 2011

Unix Tip: REGEXP MATCHING IN AWK

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3561 - November 9, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

REGEXP MATCHING IN AWK

If you ever find yourself typing "command | grep pattern | awk '{print $3}'
you can shorten this by using the regexp matching in awk, like this:

command | awk '/pattern/{print $3}'

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Selasa, 08 November 2011

Unix Tip: Public Relations

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3560 - November 8, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

Public Relations

One of the best things an admin can do
is to have good public relations with
the user community.

Don't just be there when problems arise.
Go out to the user community when things are
working. High visibility is the key.

If the users see you around and there are no
problems they will believe that you care to
take the time for them.

Try not to let the users always go come to you.

Go to those users that you never here from
The perfect users, the ones that leave you
alone. Often the don't have an understanding
of what you can do for them.

I know many will say, "I don't have time!"
Just a calm walk through a department is
really all it takes, sometimes you never
have to stop.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Senin, 07 November 2011

Unix Tip: CLEANUP AT LOGOUT

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3559 - November 7, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

CLEANUP AT LOGOUT

The following c-shell .logout script will clear your Netscape
cache. No action will be taken if Netscape is current running.

------------------- CUT HERE ------------------------------
#!/bin/csh

if !( `ps -eu $USER | grep netscape | grep -v grep | sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ .*//'` ) then
echo
echo "Clearing Netscape cache..."
\rm -rf ~/.netscape/cache/*
endif

echo
echo "Exiting..."

------------------- CUT HERE ------------------------------
This tip generously supported by: rb237@phy.cam.ac.uk

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Minggu, 06 November 2011

Unix Tip: SPEED UP INTERACTION TIME

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3558 - November 6, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

SPEED UP INTERACTION TIME

One way to speed up the interaction time of
a shell (that does not hash its commands)
that you may overlook is to modify your path.
The order of the directories in your path
should rely on the number of commands you use
most. So /usr/bin or /bin would probably be first.
Very large directorys that are mounted over
the network should be later in the list. If
there are some directories in your path you only
use for one or two commands consider making an
alias or shell script (if your shell doesn't
support aliases) which calls the program with its
full path name.

Watch out when sourcing files, especially when
your root. It could modify your path and make
you run something detrimental to your system.
Getting into the habit of using full pathnames
is the key here.

This tip generously supported by: kevin@ti.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Sabtu, 05 November 2011

Unix Tip: AWK QUICK COLUMNS

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3557 - November 5, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

AWK QUICK COLUMNS

Most of the time when you use awk from the command line,
you're doing something simple like this:

ps -ef | grep netscape | awk '{print $2}'

To save typing, use this script when you only want to
use awk to print out one or more columns:

------------------- CUT HERE ---------------------------
#!/bin/ksh
# awkc - print out one or more columns

p=\$$( echo $1 | sed 's/,/,\$/g' )
shift
eval "awk '{ print $p }'" $*

# eof
------------------- CUT HERE ---------------------------

Now you can do things like:
ps -ef | awkc 2,1
or
awkc 1,2,3 /var/adm/messages*

This tip generously supported by: kbeer@dbna.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Jumat, 04 November 2011

Unix Tip: MONITORING ROOT IN THE PASSWORD FILE

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3556 - November 4, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

MONITORING ROOT IN THE PASSWORD FILE

One of the popularly known method of breaking into a Unix host
is by inserting a uid value 0 in the /etc/passwd file which could
be done in many ways including backdoors for later accesses .

The script below displays warning messages on the console if
such changes a detacted. Simply place the script in the crontab
and run as frequent as you wish.

------------------------------CUT HERE-----------------------------------------

for id in `awk 'FS=":" {if(($3 == 0 && $1 != "root" )) print $1}' /etc/passwd`
do
cat << the_end >/dev/console

+----------------------------------------------------------------
|
| `date "+Detacted On Date :%D Time :%r"`
| Break-in ALERT! Login ID `echo ${id}` has uid 0
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------

the_end
done
------------------------------CUT HERE-----------------------------------------

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Kamis, 03 November 2011

Unix Tip: CREATE YOUR OWN GROUP ALIASES

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3555 - November 3, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

CREATE YOUR OWN GROUP ALIASES

If you want to create an alias for a group of people with
similar interests, on your workstation (Say a SUN
workstation), then include the following line at the end
of the file /etc/aliases and run the command /bin/newaliases

unixtips: bhavin@foobar.com, atulk@foobar.com, virajpikle@mail.com

Now, an e-mail sent to
alias_name@workstation_name.foobar.com
will be bounced to the addresses listed above in the
/etc/aliases file.

In other words, if my workstation name is "soorya",
an e-mail sent to
unixtips@soorya.foobar.com
will be bounced to
bhavin@foobar.com,
atulk@foobar.com, and
virajpikle@mail.com

This tip generously supported by: bhavin@informix.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Rabu, 02 November 2011

Unix Tip: KILL X

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3554 - November 2, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

KILL X

Quick way to close your X login session (for SysV)

for PID in `ps -u$USER | grep "fv[wm]" | awk '{print $1}'`; do kill -9 $PID; done

Or throw it into a shell script:

--- cut here ---
#!/bin/sh

for PID in `ps -u$USER | grep "fv[wm]" | awk '{print $1}'`; do
kill -9 -$PID
done
--- cut here ---

(the [] conceal the grep from ps, which would mean it would
kill itself before doing anything useful. as written up,
it looks for fvwm's process, which is the window manager I
use; rewrite it as needed i.e. for Motif - mwm,
Open Look - olwm, etc.)

Write this up in a shell script contained in your $PATH
or alias it and you're cooking with gas.

This tip generously supported by: klaus@imprint.uwaterloo.ca

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Selasa, 01 November 2011

Unix Tip: ALTERNATIVE TO CP

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3553 - November 1, 2011

http://www.ugu.com/sui/ugu/show?tip.today

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

ALTERNATIVE TO CP

Define the following alias:

tar cvf - . | ( cd \!* ; tar xvf - )

or as an alias:

alias cpbytar 'tar cvf - . | ( cd \!* ; tar xvf - )'
(The alias definition above is for CSH)

To do a recursive copy of a directory to another location,
preserving the PERMISSIONS and OWNERSHIP of the files.
"cd" to the source location and invoke the following alias

cpbytar <destination_directory>

This tip generously supported by: bhavin@informix.com

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================