Unix and Linux Tips: April 2010

Jumat, 30 April 2010

Unix Tip: OUTPUT BETWEEN LINES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3006 - April 30, 2010

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OUTPUT BETWEEN LINES

To print the contents between two lines in a file in UNIX :

sed -n 'from lineno , to lineno p' filename

i.e to print data from line 2 to 5 of 'text' file

sed -n '2,5p' text

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Kamis, 29 April 2010

Unix Tip: A VI FILE REVERSAL

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Unix Tip 3005 - April 29, 2010

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A VI FILE REVERSAL

I know...Enough of the file reversals already. We just really like this one and forgot about it until it was submitted..

A file reversal if you dont have tac or want to use a script.

Edit the file in vi and type:
:g/.*/m0

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Rabu, 28 April 2010

Unix Tip: FINDING BLANK LINES

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Unix Tip 3004 - April 28, 2010

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FINDING BLANK LINES

How to find number of blank lines in a file use the following command:

cat filename |awk ' /^$/ { ++x } END ( print "No. of Blank Lines = " x } '

This tip generously supported by: deepak.singla@ehpt.com

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Selasa, 27 April 2010

Unix Tip: SUN LOGIN DENIED

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Unix Tip 3003 - April 27, 2010

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SUN LOGIN DENIED

If the system is not allowing you to login as root or normal users, first check #eeprom from OS level or printenv from OK prompt.

check tpe-link-test?=true

If it is false, change it to true.

This tip generously supported by:
subramonian.murugan@adcc.alcatel.be

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Senin, 26 April 2010

Unix Tip: ENHANCED #1576 FILE REVERSAL

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Unix Tip 3002 - April 26, 2010

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ENHANCED #1576 FILE REVERSAL

This is an enhancement to UNIX Tip #1576 - April 25, 2001.

The original tip is kind a cool, so I decided to enhance it.

I hope it's okay with the main author.

#!/bin/ksh
lns=`wc -l $1 | nawk '{ print $1 }`
{
cat $1 | awk '{ line[NR] = $0; }
{ for (i = NR; i > 0; --i) print line[i] }'
} >> $$.temp
tail -"$lns" $$.temp
rm $$.temp

This tip generously supported by: jena_m@hotmail.com

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FILE REVERSAL

For those that don't have
the tac command, to reverse
a file in UNIX, you could use:

cat <file-name> | awk '{ line[NR] = $0;} END
{for(i=NR;i>1;i--) print line[i] }'

This tip generously supported by: chandramohan_k@infy.com

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Minggu, 25 April 2010

Unix Tip: READ IN THE OUTPUT

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Unix Tip 3001 - April 25, 2010

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READ IN THE OUTPUT

While in VI, if you enter:

:r !my_command

Then you will insert the output of the command you've entered on the next line of the file that you're editing.

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Jumat, 23 April 2010

Unix Tip: VIEWING ALL C FILES AT ONCE

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Unix Tip 2999 - April 23, 2010

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VIEWING ALL C FILES AT ONCE

To view all C files in all subdirectories IN ONE COMMAND Just say:

vi `find . -name "*.c" `

This will find all C files and outpud of find in the input to vi.

While is vi, use the command ":n" to view each next file.

This tip generously supported by: dkotian1@rediffmail.com

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Kamis, 22 April 2010

Unix Tip: ANOTHER RENAMING UPPER TO LOWER

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Unix Tip 2998 - April 22, 2010

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ANOTHER RENAMING UPPER TO LOWER

A shorter method for renaming all files in a unix directory from upper to lower case.

##############################
for file in *
do
mv $file `echo $file | tr [:upper:] [:lower:]` 2>/dev/null
done
##############################

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Rabu, 21 April 2010

Unix Tip: RESTARTING PROCESSES

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Unix Tip 2997 - April 21, 2010

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RESTARTING PROCESSES

There are times when you are testing a process and have to restart it again and again.

Instead of doing a ps -ef to know the pid and kill it manually every time, you can automate the process by using the following in a script.

kill `ps -ef | grep \`whoami\` | grep myProcess | grep -v grep
| awk '{print $2}'`

The ps command on your flavor may use "ax" instead of "ef". Where myProcess is the process that needs to be restarted. The awk commands gets the 2nd field of the line, which in this case is the PID.

This tip generously supported by: kasharma@hss.hns.com

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Selasa, 20 April 2010

Unix Tip: HOW MANY BITS?

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Unix Tip 2996 - April 20, 2010

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HOW MANY BITS?

HP-UX counterpart for finding on which mode you are currently working (32-bit or 64-bit):

getconf KERNEL_BITS

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Senin, 19 April 2010

Unix Tip: COMMENTING OUR DIRECTORY

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Unix Tip 2995 - April 19, 2010

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COMMENTING OUR DIRECTORY

Here is one way to comment your directory.

$ cd theDirectory
$ touch "zzz*** THIS IS THE DIRECTORY COMMENT! ***zzz"

Whenever you type ls, you'll see your comment at the bottom. That's why you type "zzz ...". The asterisk is to decorate.

This tip generously supported by: jn1@infosel.net.mx

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Minggu, 18 April 2010

Unix Tip: DEBUG CRONTAB

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Unix Tip 2994 - April 18, 2010

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DEBUG CRONTAB

A good way to debug what you execute in crontab is to redirect the output to another file

10 * * * * /usr/local/bin/Script.ksh > /tmp/Script.dbg

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Sabtu, 17 April 2010

Unix Tip: COMPLETE LIST OF COMMANDS

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Unix Tip 2993 - April 17, 2010

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COMPLETE LIST OF COMMANDS

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We apologise for a hick-up in the distribution of todays tip
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Ever Wanted to have a complete list of command that is available on your SUN solaris ???

Its easy and readily available if you have man pages installed on your system....moreover it gives you a alphabetical list of ALL the commands.

Just give the following command and scroll down...

$ man intro

Here you go, solaris displays big list of commands with their uses. Which is often useful.

This tip generously supported by: mct5030@yahoo.com

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Jumat, 16 April 2010

Unix Tip: ONLINE/COMMAND-LINE DICTIONARY

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Unix Tip 2992 - April 16, 2010

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ONLINE/COMMAND-LINE DICTIONARY

Need a dictionary, but don't have one in your system.

Create the following script called "dict" (or name of your choice). It uses the lynx web browser (freely available on the internet) to go out to dictionary.com and find the word your looking for.

#!/bin/csh -f

set word=$1

# lynx is a text-based browser
# available free on the web/net.
lynx -cfg=/dev/null -dump "
http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=${word}" | more

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Kamis, 15 April 2010

Unix Tip: FILES TOO LARGE FOR FLOPPY

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Unix Tip 2991 - April 15, 2010

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FILES TOO LARGE FOR FLOPPY

Ever want to find the files that won't fit on a floppy when you need to do a doswrite to export something? This will do it:

find . -size +1440k -exec ls -ld {}\;

Note: This will list the files in the directory where you are, that exceed the maximum size in kilobytes for a high-density DOS format floppy. Please don't forget the single dot after "find" and you can change the 1440k to whatever you want. (I once had a need to find stuff that was 3 megabytes and over to keep out of a directory so I used +3000k in place of the +1440k above.)

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Rabu, 14 April 2010

Unix Tip: C BEAUTIFIER

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Unix Tip 2990 - April 14, 2010

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C BEAUTIFIER

In SCOUNIX, cb is a command which is used to beautify the c program written in sco.

IE:
# cb filename.c

# cb filename.c > fname.c

The above command displays the program with indentation which may help to find if the curly brackets are properly closed or not.

This tip generously supported by: sub_raghav@hotmail.com

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Selasa, 13 April 2010

Unix Tip: LISTING DIRECTORIES ONLY

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Unix Tip 2989 - April 13, 2010

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LISTING DIRECTORIES ONLY

Oldie but a goodie.....

A quick way to list just directories in Unix:

ls -al | grep "^d"

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Senin, 12 April 2010

Unix Tip: FILNAMES UPPER TO LOWER

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Unix Tip 2988 - April 12, 2010

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FILNAMES UPPER TO LOWER

This script can be used to renames all the file in current directory with UPPERCASE letters to lowercase.

I uses it because some time when I try to upload some files from a Windows system to a unix based web server, the files somehow gets converted to UPPERCASES, which is undesirable.

###########################

for uppercase in `ls`
do
for lowercase in `ls $uppercase|tr [A-Z] [a-z]`
do
mv $lowercase $uppercase 2>/dev/null
done
done

############################

This tip generously supported by: ssdhawan@bhartitelesoft.com

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Minggu, 11 April 2010

Unix Tip: FINDING THE LARGEST FILE

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Unix Tip 2987 - April 11, 2010

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FINDING THE LARGEST FILE

Did you ever fill up a filesystem and want to know what large files are consuming the space. This will sort the largest files, top to bottom.

find /var -mount -ls -xdev | /usr/bin/sort -nr +6 | more

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Sabtu, 10 April 2010

Unix Tip: VI EXECUTION

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Unix Tip 2986 - April 10, 2010

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VI EXECUTION

While writing shell scripts in vi, have you ever considered the time wasted by going in and out of vi to test your commands by executing them on the command line.

To increase your productivity, it would be a lot quicker if you could execute these commands from within the editor and view their output before writing them to your script.

This is possible and quite straight forward. Enter the following within vi

:!testscript

(i.e. colon exclamation mark)

Then enter your command as you would at the $ or # prompt.

The command executes, the result is displayed and you are propmted to press return to continue.

This tip generously supported by:
michael.byrne@nuinternational.com

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Jumat, 09 April 2010

Unix Tip: A PROPER USE OF FIND

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Unix Tip 2985 - April 9, 2010

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A PROPER USE OF FIND

Most often we find a file using the 'find' command, but sometimes we know that find does not give results if not used in a proper way.

Here is an example to demonstrate it.

Assume that /project/src is a symlink then

find /project/src -name ...

symlink will not be followed. One alternative way is to use the command

cd /project/src; find . -name ...

but /project/src may not exist or could be a dangling symlink! So use the following command to overcome this.

cd /project/src && find . -name ...

This tip generously supported by: desikann@future.futsoft.com

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Kamis, 08 April 2010

Unix Tip: STALE MOUNT HANGS LS

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Unix Tip 2984 - April 8, 2010

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STALE MOUNT HANGS LS

Often times a stale NFS mount point can hang a long listing of a directory (ls -al).

To avoid this make the mount point down one level.

So instead of:

mount rocket:/people /people

If the ystem rocket was down the chances of a long listing

% ls -al /

of the root directory would hang for a long period until the NFS mount timed out.

Avoid this with most flavors by

mount rocket:/people /rocket/people

then a long listing of root

% ls -al /

would work, but

% ls -al /rocket

would hang due to the stale mount point.

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Rabu, 07 April 2010

Unix Tip: ANOTHER FILE REVERSAL

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Unix Tip 2983 - April 7, 2010

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ANOTHER FILE REVERSAL

For those that don't have the tac command, to reverse a file in UNIX, you could use:

cat <file-name> | awk '{ line[NR] = $0;} END
{for(i=NR;i>1;i--) print line[i] }'

This tip generously supported by: chandramohan_k@infy.com

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Selasa, 06 April 2010

Unix Tip: OOPS.. RM STAR

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Unix Tip 2982 - April 6, 2010

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OOPS.. RM STAR

To prevent accidental removal of files in a directory you can create a file called "-i" this is done from a bourne shell by typing:

> -i

this will be the first file in the directory so if you type:

rm *

The rm command assumes you have typed:

rm -i *

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Senin, 05 April 2010

Unix Tip: HOW MANY BITS?

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Unix Tip 2981 - April 5, 2010

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HOW MANY BITS?

There is a Solaris command to tell you if your in 64 or 32 bit mode:

isainfo -vk

This tip generously supported by: boni@dsw.net

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Minggu, 04 April 2010

Unix Tip: DAILY BACKUP CHECK

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Unix Tip 2980 - April 4, 2010

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DAILY BACKUP CHECK

System administrators have to check by various means whether the daily backup is sucessfully completed.

One way is to maintain a short log file which will log 4 or 5 lines everytime the backup is completed.

The latest backup results will be automatically checked by System administrator on login, if he adds these lines at the end of his .profile file.

tail -5 /PATH/SHORT_LOG_FILE.log

This tip generously supported by: deodatta_deshpande@yahoo.com

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Sabtu, 03 April 2010

Unix Tip: OUTPUT A FILE IN REVERSE

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Unix Tip 2979 - April 3, 2010

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OUTPUT A FILE IN REVERSE

A Linux Tip, you flavor may very.

If you want to output all the lines in a text file backwords use "tac". It does just the opposite of cat.

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Jumat, 02 April 2010

Unix Tip: USE DU TO FIND FILES

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Unix Tip 2978 - April 2, 2010

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USE DU TO FIND FILES

Normally:

find . -name *.txt -print

is the command to find a file. But you can locate find more efficiently using du and grep

Use:

du -a |grep *.txt

This will locate all the files with the extension .txt in the current directory.

This tip generously supported by: deepaksingla@mailcity.com

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Kamis, 01 April 2010

Unix Tip: WATCHING MAKE

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Unix Tip 2977 - April 1, 2010

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WATCHING MAKE

When compiling software, don't just type 'make' and let run! You will never be able to catch your errors!

Do 'make > Make.Out &' and then do

'tail -f Make.Out'.

That will continuously show
you the end of your Make.Out file, giving you the chance to go "Hey, what was that?!?", hit ^C, grep Make.Out, and not interrupt your compile.

This tip generously supported by: mhunter@jfku.edu

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