Unix Tip: BOURNE SHELL PSEUDO HASH TABLES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3067 - June 30, 2009

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BOURNE SHELL PSEUDO HASH TABLES

The best way to explain this is with an example:

You may want to write a simple script that launches an xterm window with different color options. Pseudo hash tables in bourne shell.

$ xwindow MidnightBlue

An easy way to this is by first listing the supported colors in the script (pseudo hash table):

DarkSlateGrey="#2f4f4f"
DimGrey="#696969"
MidnightBlue="#191970"
NavyBlue="#000080"

Next, simply grab the hex color code by using the following command:

BGColor=`eval echo $"$(echo $1)"`

"$(echo $1)" evaluates to "MidnightBlue" and `eval echo $MidnightBlue evaluates to "#191970".

Simply launch the xterm window using $BGColor as the background color:

xterm -bg="$BGColor" &

This method for extracting pseudo hash values may be used for NIS map files, file date stamps, GUI colors, etc.

This tip generously supported by: Jasper.Silvis@PHL.Boeing.com

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

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==========================================================================

Unix Tip: STRING STRIPPING

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3060 - June 23, 2009

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STRING STRIPPING

Remove all ^M and other control characters from file ABC

strings ABC > ABC-good

This tip generously supported by: brillj@constellation.navy.mil

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: TEXT FILE CASE REVERSAL

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3059 - June 22, 2009

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TEXT FILE CASE REVERSAL

Ever want to reverse the entire case of a text file:

o reverse the case of a text file:
tr 'a-zA-Z' 'A-Za-z' < inputfile

This tip generously supported by: vikram.kalsi@seepz.tcs.co.in

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: REMOVE JUST THE FILES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3055 - June 18, 2009

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REMOVE JUST THE FILES

To removal only the files (not subdirectories) in the current directory, use the following command:

rm `ls -l | grep -v '^d' | awk '{ print $9 }'`

This tip generously supported by: rrs@assc.com.ve

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: SOLARIS CHANGING SEASONS

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3054 - June 17, 2009

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SOLARIS CHANGING SEASONS

During a session, sometimes we have a need to change the system time for our session only. We have used it to simulate time based testing.

export TZ=ESThhEDT

The EST set your time to Eastern Standard Time and EDT is Eastern Daylight Time.

hh is the number of hours you wish to change.

Example: Currently the system
date is Tue Jun 19 13:38:03 EDT 2001

and you wish to set it to yesterday at the same time. You would substitute a positive 29 for hh.

export TZ=EST29EDT

Now the shell time is:
Mon Jun 18 13:38:50 EDT 2001

WHY 29 and not 24? The main UNIX clock is set from GMT not EST therefore you have to add 5 hours to your backward calculations to get the same exact time since EST is GMT - 5 hours.

Use negitive numbers to set the clock into the future.

Also if you need to set the minutes and seconds it is hh:mm:ss. These are all the number of hours, minutes and seconds from GMT that you wish to set.

This is for Solaris 2.6, your mileage may vary.

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: TAR ONLY THE FILES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3053 - June 16, 2009

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TAR ONLY THE FILES

To tar only files (not subdirectories) in the current directory use this command:

$ tar cvf files.tar ./`ls -l | grep -v '^d' | awk '{ print $9 }'`

This tip generously supported by: rrs@assc.com.ve

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: SHELL OUTPUT INTO VI

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3052 - June 15, 2009

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SHELL OUTPUT INTO VI

In VI editor you can get the output of any shell command command inserted into the file you are editing by using:

:r!<command>

For example:

:r!who -r

inserts the ouput of the command "who -r" to the file currently being edited.

This can be effectively used to copy the contents of a file to the file currently being edited

ie,

:r!cat /etc/passwd

inserts all the contents of the the /etc/passwd to the file currently being edited.

This tip supported by: Prem Kumar S <sprem@wipro.co.in>

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: AVOID PERMISION DENIED

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3051 - June 14, 2009

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AVOID PERMISION DENIED

To avoid 'Permission Denied' messages when using the 'find' command:

in ksh :-
find <dir> -name '<file>' -print 2 > /dev/null

in csh :-
(find <dir> -name '<file>' -print >/dev/tty) >& /dev/null

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DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: PROGRESS STATUS IN XTERM TITLEBAR

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3050 - June 13, 2009

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PROGRESS STATUS IN XTERM TITLEBAR

Sometimes it is handy to be able to show some information in the xterms title bar, for example if you download a set of large files (thereby producing lots of meaningless information on the terminal) and you want to know which file is actually beeing downloaded.

For this purpose, I hacked a few lines of shell code that would put any information into the xterms title bar. I called the script ttshow.

#!/bin/sh
if [ -z $DISPLAY ]; then
echo "ESC]0; $* ^G"
fi

In this little script, the string ESC has to be replaced by one real escape character (ascii 0x1b), the string "^G" has to be replaced by a bel character (ascii 0x07).

Now I can make my scripts like this:

for file in in `cat filenames`; do
ttshow "downloading $file"
wget $file
done

..and it will tell me on the first glance what it's doing.

For more information about this, unpack the X distribution and search for the file ctlseqs.ms - this file belongs to the xterm distribution and contains all the escape sequences xterm knows about.

This tip generously supported by: ulinzen+ugu@sendmail.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: HP-UX REMOVE UNUSED SPACE

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3049 - June 12, 2009

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HP-UX REMOVE UNUSED SPACE

To remove unused s/w and free disk space in hp-ux use the command:

freedisk [-a n] [-v]

Note: See man page for this before executing this..

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: FILE SYSTEM CAPACITY ALERT

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3048 - June 11, 2009

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FILE SYSTEM CAPACITY ALERT

#!/bin/sh
# This script can be used to
# warn the users that
# the file system is getting full
#
# Script needs adjusted for your
# needs. Below is set to monitor
# all the file systems mounted and report to
# RECEIVER
#
# Usage: as a cron entry for best use.

RECEIVER=nachiappan.ramanathan@aig.com

for fs in `df -k|awk '{print $1}'|sed -n "3,14 p"`
do
x=`df -kl | grep $fs | awk '{ print $5 }'`
y=50%

if [ $x -gt $y ]
then
message="File System `df -k |grep $fs |awk '{print $6\",
\"$5}'` Full!!!"
echo $subject
echo $message | mailx -s "`hostname` - File System Full
Warning !!!" $RECEIVER
fi
done

This tip generously supported by: Nachiappan.Ramanathan@aig.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: Tru64 STTY DEC

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3047 - June 10, 2009

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Tru64 STTY DEC

On Tru64 Unix (at least on 4.0F), some non-root-user drop an error message on the root's Mail account when cronjobs used

su - foo -c /usr/bin/bar

Even some Compaq technicians could not tell that this results from terminal settings in the .profile, which are invalid on non-interactive terminals. The error messages (2 in fact) looks like this:

stty: tcgetattr: not a typewriter Not a terminal.

The solution is to wrap commands like "stty dec" and "tset -I -Q" with a check on terminal capabilities:

if tty -s
then
stty dec
tset -I -Q
fi

This tip generously supported by: nils@poppendiek.de

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: ELIMINATING MULTIPLE SPACES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3046 - June 9, 2009

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ELIMINATING MULTIPLE SPACES

Here is a simple script which helps in eliminating multiple spaces when one wants to extract a particular column in a set of records from a file.

Here is an example to prove the same:

ps -u $LOGNAME | tr -s " " : | cut -d: -f<column #>

The above script line can be used to extract a column from the output of a ps command for a particular user ($LOGNAME).

This tip generously supported by: arunkv@lucent.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: FINDING PCI DEVICES

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3045 - June 8, 2009

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FINDING PCI DEVICES

Want to get information on PCI devices on your Linux or FreeBSD machine?

On Linux use:

/sbin/lspci (-v is verbose)

On FreeBSD use:

pciconf -l

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: HANGING TIME ON HPUX

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3044 - June 7, 2009

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HANGING TIME ON HPUX

How can we change the time zone on a HP-UX machine ??

Answer : -Edit the entry in /etc/src.sh and /etc/src.csh, and reboot

This tip generously supported by: anil_sedha@mumbai.tcs.co.in

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: FINDING MAC ADDRESS ON HP

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3043 - June 6, 2009

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FINDING MAC ADDRESS ON HP

If you want to know the MAC or eathernet address of your lan card on an HP-UX machine, then type:

lanscan

This will give you the mac addresses of all the lan cards installed on the machine.

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================

Unix Tip: WHY MV IS SLOW

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UNIX GURU UNIVERSE
UNIX HOT TIP

Unix Tip 3041 - June 4, 2009

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WHY MV IS SLOW

mv command across filesystems is slower on large files

WHY?

mv would be slow if you are moving files across filesystem.

The inode number changes only when a file is moved across file system.

A new inode number means a new file is physically created on disk.

It remains unchanged, if it is within the same filesystem. One can verify by using ls -il command on that file.

mv uses rename() system call. if it fails, it uses copy routine (basicailly reads from a file and writes in another file).

mv command across filesystem is more of a copy then mv.

This tip generously supported by: dkotian1@rediffmail.com

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==========================================================================
DISCLAIMER: All UNIX HOT TIPS ARE OWNED BY THE UNIX GURU UNIVERSE AND ARE
NOT TO BE SOLD, PRINTED OR USED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE UNIX
GURU UNIVERSE. ALL TIPS ARE "USE AT YOUR OWN RISK". UGU ADVISES THAT
ALL TIPS BE TESTED IN A NON-PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT FIRST.

Unix Guru Universe - www.ugu.com - tips@ugu.com - Copyright 1994-2001
==========================================================================